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Programming-Idioms

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Idiom #108 Determine if variable name is defined

Print the value of variable x, but only if x has been declared in this program.
This makes sense in some languages, not all of them. (Null values are not the point, rather the very existence of the variable.)

if 'x' in locals():
	print(x)
try:
    x
except NameError:
    print("does not exist")
import std.stdio;
static if (is(typeof(x = x.init)))
    writeln(x);
int x = 42;

void printIfDefined(alias name)()
{
    import std.stdio: writeln;
    static if( __traits(compiles, writeln(mixin(name))))
        writeln(mixin(name));
}

void main(string[] args)
{
    printIfDefined!"x";
    printIfDefined!"Foo.bar";
}
implicit none

print *,x
try {
	console.log(x);
} catch (e) {
	if (!e instanceof ReferenceError) {
		throw e;
	}
}
if (typeof x !== 'undefined') {
    console.log(x);
}
import static java.lang.System.out;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
try {
    Field f = getClass().getDeclaredField("x");
    out.println(f.get(this));
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

}
if x then print(x) end
$x = 'foo';

if (isset($x)) {
    echo $x;
}
if(@$foo) print($foo);
{$if DECLARED(x)}
writeln(x);
{$endif}
no strict 'vars';  # the default
print $x;  # compile error

print $x if $main::{x}; # prints $x if it was declared


use strict 'vars';
# or
use v5.11; # or higher

print $x if $main::{x};  # unavoidable compile error


puts x if defined?(x)
New implementation...
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programming-idioms.org 
if 'x' in locals():
	print(x)
try:
    x
except NameError:
    print("does not exist")
static if (is(typeof(x = x.init)))
    writeln(x);
int x = 42;

void printIfDefined(alias name)()
{
    import std.stdio: writeln;
    static if( __traits(compiles, writeln(mixin(name))))
        writeln(mixin(name));
}

void main(string[] args)
{
    printIfDefined!"x";
    printIfDefined!"Foo.bar";
}
implicit none

print *,x
try {
	console.log(x);
} catch (e) {
	if (!e instanceof ReferenceError) {
		throw e;
	}
}
if (typeof x !== 'undefined') {
    console.log(x);
}
try {
    Field f = getClass().getDeclaredField("x");
    out.println(f.get(this));
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

}
if x then print(x) end
$x = 'foo';

if (isset($x)) {
    echo $x;
}
if(@$foo) print($foo);
{$if DECLARED(x)}
writeln(x);
{$endif}
print $x;  # compile error

print $x if $main::{x}; # prints $x if it was declared


use strict 'vars';
# or
use v5.11; # or higher

print $x if $main::{x};  # unavoidable compile error


puts x if defined?(x)